….the object in your photo is the pharyngeal teeth belonging to a group of fishes called “drums” or “croakers” which are perch-like fish (scientific name of the family is Sciaenidae), however, without the rest of the specimen it is impossible to identify down to species level.  …..
Pharyngeal “throat” teeth are located on the last gill arch at the posterior region of a fish’s head.  They are visible only upon lifting off the gill cover (operculum) and exposing the gills beneath. The arrangement and number of these teeth are specific for certain families and species of fish.

Drumfishes are found in the warmer seas and there are at least 160 different species. With the right audio software you can even hear some species on the Internet. They were recorded when spawning at Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. The URL is: http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/~ugpullin/drumming.html

The Meagre Drumfish, also called the Shade-fish, may still be common off the African Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. It is still a magnificent fish. The one caught off Cornwall was only a juvenile. Adult fish can attain a length of 1.9 metres and weights of 48 kg (100 lb). It is also a fine sporting fish and extremely good eating. Because, it is reported to inhabit shallow seas, it may have been over-fished off the European coast centuries ago. I would be interested to know if this fish is well known to fishermen and scientists in the Mediterranean. It is so rare in British seas that there are no angling records. A few specimens were caught in the North Sea during the 19th century. 

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The Fishbase database contains more information, including an illustration, e.g. a graph of Spanish catches. 
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Portuguese Records

I am not an expert in what concerns Meagres, Argyrosomus regius, but I noted that you asked for any information available about this fish. In the present I'm studying at Sparsholt College, Winchester,  but I spent all Summer working in a restaurant in Arrifana, in the southwestern coast of Algarve, Portugal - apart from being a common  fish in the local restaurants and fish markets, it used to be much more common that it is nowadays, although some big schools are reported from time to time, usually formed by "youngsters" - this same Summer I was told that a fishing boat found, in the coast off Rogil, its nets filled with 9 - 11 kg meagres, or "corvinas" in Portuguese. I had a report of other two, supposedly of much bigger size than the former, being seen by a spear fisherman, about 200 metres off the coast, just south of Arrifana. 
     The corvinas more usually seen in the fish market in Aljezur weighed about 7-15 kg, but these were caught by the fishing boats based in Lagos, in the southern coast of Algarve. 

In Vila Nova de Milfontes, a coastal village of Alentejo, in the mouth of River Mira, corvinas are well known to local fishermen, as some big specimens are caught there from time to time, and in the past, they could be heard while spawning next to the bridge which crosses the river Mira - this same spot is protected, and corvinas are believed to spawn there in our days, although I don't know of any "drumming report", but as I said, I am not an expert. 

  As you wanted information, I just dropped a few lines to tell you that corvinas are commercially important in the south coast of Portugal, although they are much scarcer than in the old times, according to old fishermen. 

  Sincerely yours, 

 Sebastiao Vaz Pinto
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Italian Information

Spawning occurs from May to July in the Italian coast. Both adults and juveniles are migratory, moving longshore or offshore/onshore in response to change in water temperature. The largest size recorded is 180 cm (total length). The flesh is very good, it is a much sought-after fish. There are not aquaculture rearing still, but something is starting in the south of Tuscany.
Well, if you will have more information in the future, contact me please. I 
will do the same.
Thank you and bye!
Francesca Iurzan.

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Adriatic Records

Hallo
My name is Ivan Covic and I live in Split, Croatia.
Although I'm not a professional in these matters, I am pretty familiar with fish species of Adriatic Sea.
Meagre Drumfish, Argyrosomus regius, (Croatian: Hama, Grb - grb means insignia, badge, and hama doesn't mean anything) is one of three Adriatic species of Family Sciaenidae.
Other two are Umbrina cirrosa (Cro. Koraf) and Sciaena umbra (Cro. Kavala, Vranac, Konj  - that means horse).
Apart from Kavala, they are fairly scarce. Especially Argyrosomus regius. According to fishermen reports and publications, it has almost disappeared from its habitats - sandy and muddy shallows with turbid water, near river mouth (especially River Cetina and River
Bojana) and even in freshwater. Region of Ulcinj in Montenegro, by the mouth of River Bojana is probably the last place in Adriatic Sea where it can be found.
Argyrosomus regius was a famous species among fishermen from Omis (by the mouth of River Cetina in Croatia) by its very fine flesh and being "the hardest species to catch".

Ivan Èoviæ
Sender: ivor21000@yahoo.com
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Turkey

Saw two Meagres (sea bass Mediteranean-Sariagiz/ Granyoz in Turkey)  caught by local fisherman off the coast of Foça  100 cm. long and about 35-40 kg. each. had never seen the fish before. The men told me and my husband  that it was a rare catch. Looked up info on Granyoz (a corruption of Grandiose perhaps?) which took me to Sariagiz and on to your website. You wanted info from anyone who had seen them- which probably meant alive but alas-not to be! Beautiful colored scales. Very sad if they are becoming endangered. A local website tells us of a time around the end of the 80's when in one week they were caught literally in tons around the Izmir bay area; weight ranging from 4 to 12 kg. 

Best wishes.

Fusun (Turkey)
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From NICOLAS JOUAULT
5-10-1866
An Extraordinary Fish- Much curiosity was created in the Fish Market this morning by the exposure for sale of a very extraordinary fish, by Mrs Newman. Its dimensions alone would count for this, inasmuch as it weighed no less than sixty-seven pounds; measured five feet four inches in length; and about three feet round the thickest part. In form, it was not unlike the salmon, though differing materially from it in many other respects; for instance , it was said to be like chicken when cooked; and it had rows of very sharp teeth extending considerably down its throat-upon both sides. The monster was caught at Bonne Nuit on Thursday morning last, and bought to Mrs Newman for sale in the public market. Of course Mrs Newman satisfied herself in the first instance that it was fit for food, and after gleaning other particulars, proceeded to retail it at one shilling per pound. So great was the demand for a taste of the "monster of the deep" that by four o'clock only the head remained. It is a kind of white fish, which is seldom caught off the coast of this island; and when caught, still more seldom in the shape of such a magnificent specimen as was offered for sale today.
7-10-1867 
On Tuesday Mr Savidan, of Rocquaine, while off Rocquaine fishing for Conger, caught with a line a shade fish " Sciaena Aquila" of Yarrell, measuring three feet ten inches in length, and weighing upwards of 27 lbs. English weight. The shade fish is found throughout the Mediterranean, and as far South as the West Indies, but occasionally visits our waters, being sometimes captured by fishermen on the coast of England. It is very powerful for its size, great difficulty being sometimes experienced in preventing it carrying away the line after being hooked - Guernsey Comet.

Jersey Times   15 October 1884; Capture of Sciena aquila or "herring hog" or sergent fish off Gorey.
Nicolas Jouault; the above fish was displayed in the fish market and drew some attention, so I presume it was fairly large. I now wonder if the below  and previously reported fish was also a Meagre  Argyrosomus regius,
Does any one know what Meagre tastes like? In "The Fishes of the British Isles" Travis&Jenkins refers to one caught in 1896 off Ireland, one of 64 lb caught by a trawlers in Carmarthen Bay, and in 1870 one was caught in the Queens Channel, Mersey Estuary, and placed in the Liverpool Museum  ( is it still there? N.J.)

I vaguely remember seeing a programme on French TV, where fishermen netted a river (Rhone?) and they were after Meagre, they caught the odd fish around  8-10 lb.
previous report;

5 October 1866 
Its dimensions alone would count for this, inasmuch as it weighed no less than sixty-seven pounds; measured five feet four inches in length; and about three feet round the thickest part. In form, it was not unlike the salmon, though differing materially from it in many other respects; for instance , it was said to be like chicken when cooked; and it had rows of very sharp teeth extending considerably down its throat-upon both sides

My Marine Heritage Page

http://msnHomepages.talkcity.com/ProjectPl/jerseyseals/marine.htm

1867  Hastings, Sussex record
1868  Brighton, Sussex record
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1 September 2007

Argyrosomus regius taken in a fish-market on the Bay of Cádiz on the southwestern coast of Spain.  The four fish weighed about 20 kg or so each. 

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Information wanted: Please send any records of this fish, with location, date, who discovered it, how it was identified, prevalence, common name and any other details to 
Shorewatch Project EMail Glaucus@hotmail.com. 
All messages will receive a reply.